Journal: Neural Regeneration Research
Article Title: Gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 overexpression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells improves brain pathology, cognition, and behavior in APP/PS1 mice
doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-23-01525
Figure Lengend Snippet: GGT5 overexpression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells suppresses the IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway. (A) Histogram of GGT5 expression levels in the mouse cortex, as determined by qPCR ( n = 3 per group). (B, C) Volcano plots showing differential gene expression based on mRNA-seq analysis in the mouse cortex in the APP/PS1 + Vector group vs . the WT + Vector group (B) and the APP/PS1 + GGT5 group vs . the APP/PS1 + Vector group (C). (D) Venn diagram showing that there were 277 differentially expressed genes in the mouse cortex in common between the WT + Vector group vs . the APP/PS1 + Vector group and the APP/PS1 + GGT5 group vs . the APP/PS1 + Vector group, as determined by mRNA-seq. (E) Pathway enrichment analysis of genes that were differentially expressed between the APP/PS1 + GGT5 group and the APP/PS1 + Vector group (the NF-κB pathway is highlighted). (F) Heatmap displaying the relative expression levels of differentially expressed genes involved in the NF-κB pathway. (G) Histogram of Nfkbia expression, as determined by qPCR, in the mouse cortex ( n = 3 per group). (H–J) Representative western blots (each row is an image from a different blot) (H) and quantitative analysis of IκBα (I) and p-NF-κB/NF-κB (J) expression in the mouse cortex ( n = 3–5 per group). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05 (one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test). Birc3 : Baculoviral IAP repeat containing 3; Ctx: cortex; Gadd45b : growth arrest and DNA damage inducible protein beta; GGT5: gamma-glutamyltransferase 5; IκBα: inhibitor-kappaBα; NFKbia : nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitorα; NF-κB: nuclear factor‐kappa B; p-NF-κB: phosphor nuclear factor‐kappa B; Ptgs2 : prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2; qPCR: real-time polymerase chain reaction; Relb : recombinant v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; WT: wide type.
Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used were as follows: anti-GGT5 (human, mouse, 1:500, ABclone, Wuhan, China, Cat# A14374, RRID: AB_2761241), anti-agrin (AGRN; human, mouse, 1:500, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA, Cat# sc-374117, RRID: AB_10947251), anti-LRP1 (human, mouse, 1:5000, Abcam, Cambs, Cambridge, UK, Cat# ab92544, RRID: AB_2234877), anti-amyloid-β (D54D2) (mouse, 1:1000, Cell Signaling, Boston, MA, USA, Cat# 8243, RRID: AB_2797642), anti-amyloid-β (1–42) (D9A3A) (mouse, 1:1000, Cell Signaling, Cat# 14974, RRID: AB_2798671), anti-APP C-terminal fragment (CTF; mouse, 1:1000, Sigma, Munich, Bayern, Germany, Cat# A8717, RRID: AB_258409), anti-BACE1 (D10E5) (mouse, 1:1000, Cell Signaling, Cat# 5606, RRID: AB_1903900), anti-NF-κB p65 (F-6) (mouse, 1:200, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat# sc8008, RRID: AB_628017), anti-phosphor-nuclear factor kappa B (p-NF-κB) p65 (Ser468) (mouse, 1:1000, Cell Signaling, Cat# 3039, RRID: AB_330579), anti-inhibitor-kappaBα (IκBα) (H-4) (mouse, 1:100, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat# sc-1643, RRID: AB_627772), anti-neuronal pentraxin II (NPTX2) (mouse, 1:5000, Abcam, Cat# ab277523, RRID: AB_3075509), and anti-β-actin (human, mouse, 1:5000, Boster, Cat# BM0627, RRID: AB_2814866).
Techniques: Over Expression, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Western Blot, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Recombinant